“Character” can mean more than one thing in modern Unicode text.
A visible symbol may consist of one Unicode code point or several combined code points. Some emoji, accents and joined symbols are therefore better counted as grapheme clusters—the units users perceive as individual characters.
Characters without spaces
Removes Unicode whitespace before counting.
UTF-8 byte size
Measures encoded storage size. Many non-Latin characters and emoji use multiple bytes.
Reading and speaking time
These are approximate estimates based on 225 words per minute for reading and 130 words per minute for speaking.
